1. Electrochemical Sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135410008304)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022072801003588)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566316304274)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400516306281)
  5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267015006418)
  6. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13738-019-01740-0)
  7. (https://www.mdpi.com/14248220/19/6/1435)
  8. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20010042693.pdf)
  9. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9927389.pdf)
  10. (https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101706471A/en?q=electrochemical&q=sensors&q=water&oq=electrochemical+sensors+water&page=1)
  11. (https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103512938B/en?q=Real+Time&q=Bacterial&q=Water&q=Sensors&oq=Real+Time+Bacterial+Water+Sensors)
  12. (https://www.isoil.it/en/)
  13. (https://aquaticlife.ca/)
  14. (https://dcmprocesscontrol.co.nz/)
  15. (http://www.aquachem.ie/)

1.1. Potentiometric Sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267002004749)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092540051200915X)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916409002379)
  4. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elan.201000301)
  5. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.8b02969)
  6. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400518321099)
  7. (https://mostwiedzy.pl/en/publication/the-possibility-of-the-application-of-a-potentiometric-sensor-with-all-solid-state-electrodes-for-th,147126-1)
  8. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245191031830084X)(http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20070278096.pdf)
  9. (https://www.ttelectronics.com/products/categories/potentiometers/potentiometers/)

1.2. Voltammetric Sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001346861832036X)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138824811930058X)(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11581-017-2315-3)
  3. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11581-017-2429-7)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914017310834)
  5. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11581-013-0868-3)(http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5470484.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20070278096.pdf)
  7. (https://www.metrohm.com/en/)

1.3. Conductometric Sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400515300010)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1297956207001465)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566304004907)
  4. (https://www.suezwatertechnologies.com/products/sievers-analyzers-and-instruments)

1.4. Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Sensors

  1. (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/20/9/095201/meta)

2. Chromatography sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389409015672)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967305021114)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6225132.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4343767.pdf)
  5. (https://www.waters.com/1/3/liquid-chromatography-detectors)
  6. (https://www.agilent.com/en/products/liquid-chromatography)
  7. (https://www.shimadzu.com/an/hplc/)

3. Biosensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400517300199)(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jam.13631)
  2. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-02381-2_9)
  3. (https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/7/2/27)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128157305000119)
  5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914019305429)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20020102629.pdf)
  7. (https://patents.google.com/patent/JP4223799B2/en?q=biosensors&q=water&oq=biosensors+water)
  8. (https://www.biosensors.com/intl/)(http://assurecontrols.com/)
  9. (https://www.modernwater.com/)
  10. (http://www.aquams.com/)(http://www.mediquant.de/)

Photothermal sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267000010163)(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566399000299)

4. Electromagnetic sensors

  1. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5629426/)
  2. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6879235)
  3. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6104092/)
  4. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7959536/)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4015471.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/10363502.pdf)
  7. (http://www.globalw.com/)(https://krohne.com/en/)

5. Fiber-optic sensors

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400518318525)
  2. (https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/3/379)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0030401816300281)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914017302175)
  5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400519300619)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0590145B1.pdf)
  7. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6285807.pdf)
  8. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0884581A1.pdf)
  9. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9851338.pdf)
  10. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20050118704.pdf)
  11. (http://www.dsit.co.il/)
  12. (https://www.proximion.com/fiber-optic-sensors)

6. Smart sensors

6.1. Fluorescence chemical sensors

  1. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.200701785)
  2. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.200453914)
  3. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja0284761)
  4. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo301196m)
  5. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02471)
  6. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400518302478)
  7. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/8062893.pdf)
  8. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9851338.pdf)
  9. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20180372704.pdf)
  10. (https://en.eijkelkamp.com/)(http://www.probesti.com/?p=7)
  11. (http://www.swanenviron.com/)

·Photo-induced electron transfer sensors

  1. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/ob/c0ob00933d/unauth#!divAbstract)

6.2. Phosphorescence chemical sensors

  1. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/dt/c9dt00251k/unauth#!divAbstract)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1010603018300650)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7772009.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20040124336.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/WO2015080549A1.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6586256.pdf)
  7. (https://www.pme.com/https://www.senect.de/)
  8. (https://www.partech.co.uk/)
  9. (http://www.processinstruments.co.uk/)
  10. (https://www.ysi.com/)
  11. (https://www.aquafuture.de/e_start/start_english.html)

6.3. Microwave sensors

  1. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09205071.2013.832393)
  2. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8723034/)
  3. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8409878)
  4. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8765458)
  5. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09205071.2017.1406408)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7151380.pdf)
  7. (https://www.emerson.com/en-us/automation/measurement-instrumentation/liquid-analysis)(http://www.aquar-system.com/)

7. Field-effect transistor sensors

  1. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/en/c8en00588e/unauth#!divAbstract)
  2. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/me/c8me00056e/unauth#!divAbstract)
  3. (http://ecst.ecsdl.org/content/89/6/51.short)
  4. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/am505275a)
  5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914001006117)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/WO2007138506A1.pdf)
  7. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/WO2016019381A1.pdf)
  8. (https://uwmrf.org/technology/ott1225/)
  9. (https://www.seabird.com/seafet-v2-ocean-ph-sensor/product?id=54627921732)

8. Wireless sensor network

  1. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4367920)
  2. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4367918)
  3. (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8587911)
  4. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-8681-6_74)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9911297.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9734525.pdf)
  7. (https://www.seabird.com/seafet-v2-ocean-ph-sensor/product?id=54627921732)
  8. (https://www.stevenswater.com/)
  9. (https://www.environmental-expert.com/products/vardaqua-model-aqualog-wireless-logger-607785)(http://fluves.com/)
  10. (https://www.seabird.com/news/Halifax-closure-03-28-18-en.jsp)
  11. (https://www.seabird.com/)

9. Mass sensors

9.1. Surface acoustic wave sensors

  1. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac010859e)
  2. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2006/em/b608358g/unauth#!divAbstract)
  3. (https://www.environmental-expert.com/companies/fastwave-56933)

9.2. Microcantilever sensors

  1. (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asp/senlet/2004/00000002/00000001/art00004)
  2. (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/826397)
  3. (https://www.smarttip.nl/products/spm-probes/chemical-probes)
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