Treatments

1. Chemical technologies

1.1. Aeration or air stripping

  1. (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/57/7/973/12535)
  2. (https://iaspub.epa.gov/tdb/pages/treatment/treatmentOverview.do)
  3. (https://www.purewaterproducts.com/articles/aeration-for-well-water)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20160030889.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6773609.pdf)
  6. Fountain or spray-nozzle aerators
  7. Cascading-tray aerators
  8. Diffused aerators
  9. Packed-tower stripping aerators

1.2. Chemical coagulation

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653517315382)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000186861000120X)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221133981500009X)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20170144906.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4855061.pdf)

1.3. Chemical neutralization

  1. (https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/11/536)
  2. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10230-019-00601-9)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20120138516.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5427691.pdf)
  5. (https://patents.google.com/patent/CA2418472C/en?q=water&q=treatment&q=neutralization&oq=water+treatment+by+neutralization)

1.4. Chemical oxidation

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716314772)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337315001769)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371716300415)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5439577.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6576144.pdf)

1.5. Chemical precipitation

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894716312268)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135414007064)
  3. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.946720)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20180362363.pdf)

1.6. Ion exchange

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653517316867)
  2. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2015.1108234)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7294265.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/10076756.pdf)

1.7. Advanced oxidation technology

1.7.1(Catalytic/Supercritical) Wet-air oxidation (WAO)

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852413019068)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337302001583)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894799000224)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872206712607244)
  5. (https://patents.google.com/patent/CA1152290A/en?q=Wet-air&q=oxidation&q=water&q=treatment&oq=Wet-air+oxidation+water+treatment)

1.7.2Fenton

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212670814000062)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337318303734)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/10183878.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20190177195.pdf)
  5. Photo-Fenton
  6. Electro-Fenton
  7. Electro-Photo-Fenton

1.7.3Ozonation

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135418304925)
  2. (https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2017.33.issue-1/revce-2016-0008/revce-2016-0008.xml)
  3. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527628926)
  4. (https://www.crcpress.com/Ozone-in-Water-Treatment-Application-and-Engineering/Am-Water-Works-Res-F-Langlais-Reckhow-Brink/p/book/9780873714747)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9272924.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6126842.pdf)

1.7.4Cavitation

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138589471830055X)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417715300535)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20060081541.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9403697.pdf)

1.7.5Electrochemical oxidation

  1. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b02414)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653517321732)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653518300067)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5439577.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6238546.pdf)

1.8. Chemical disinfection

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135416301300)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135419300661)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715309876)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20180265375.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20160280569.pdf)
  6. Ozonation
  7. UV radiation
  8. Chlorination
  9. Electro chlorination
  10. Pulsed electric field

1.9. Catalytic technologies

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074208623293)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092058611730189X)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389556716300740)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6797184.pdf)

2. Biological technologies

2.1. Conventional technologies

2.1.1Activated sludge-based technology

  1. (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/41/1/115/6679)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096085240900577X)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4749494.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5019266.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4867883.pdf)

2.1.2Tricklingfiltertechnology

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369703X07003324)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004313540800314X)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6428691.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5997735.pdf)

2.1.3Lagoon: low-cost bioremediation technology

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716311032)
  2. (https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=8827)
  3. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es070051x)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7481935.pdf)
  5. Anaerobic lagoons
  6. Natural aerobic lagoon
  7. Facultative stabilization lagoon

2.1.4Submerged aerated filter technology (SAF)

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479701905304)
  2. (https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ees.1999.16.201)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857415301282)
  4. (https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103043865A/en?q=water&q=treatment&q=aerated&q=filter&oq=water+treatment+aerated+filter)

2.1.5Upward flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor technology (UASB)

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X06002297)
  2. (https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:11(999))
  3. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11157-015-9375-5)
  4. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bit.260220402)

2.1.6Rotating-disc biological contactor technology (RBC)

  1. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-006-9138-6)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032959200002879)
  3. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/25039654?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6783669.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4268385.pdf)

2.2. Plug-flow reactor

  1. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jctb.1201?casa_token=9lkqWcH0-xEAAAAA:rNSHwOV9A_ZazSZ9bKmP6MDFkKoYmDxT-1y01jeK8u3jgv9k3Hj_EZwsUjA6FpvEe-KA1bQgWmt345IJ)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852413019445)
  3. (https://patents.google.com/patent/JP5194121B2/en?q=Plug-flow&q=reactor&q=water&q=treatment&oq=Plug-flow+reactor+water+treatment)

2.3. Continuous stirred-tank reactor

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389411002585)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479715303066)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096085241630061X)
  4. (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/55/7/187/13304)
  5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852408006184)

2.4. Packed-bed reactor

  1. (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/624a/5afcdd11a2977e92823813e758048d24159e.pdf)
  2. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008859306222)
  3. (https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/54/2/157/12767)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3876541.pdf)

2.5. Fluidized-bed reactor

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852407005263)
  2. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024262607099)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135402005778)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20080257826.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7261811.pdf)

2.6. Advanced technologies

  1. (https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article/3/1/26/28635/Membrane-integrated-hybrid-bioremediation-of)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410000647)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135406002430)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168165602002201)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7045063.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7314741.pdf)
  7. Membrane-integrated hybrid treatment technology
  8. Anaerobic anoxic oxic process (ANANOX)
  9. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox)
  10. Chemical-biological integrated treatment technology

3. Physicochemical technologies

3.1. Coagulation-flocculation-precipitation-filtration

  1. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2175/106143006X111754)
  2. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6447686.pdf)

3.2. Adsorption

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433209014421)
  2. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.5004/dwt.2009.857)
  3. (https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319581354)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20050161403.pdf)

4. Nanotechnologies

4.1. Nano adsorption

  1. (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/cr300133d)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718303929)
  3. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-00743-0_5)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20080251443.pdf)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/8277767.pdf)

4.2. Nano photocatalysis

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1011134408001929)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894716305903)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20100200515.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20060210798.pdf)

4.3. Disinfection nanotechnology

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389412002725)
  2. (http://iasks.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/IJTEE-1502005.pdf)
  3. (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7dc6/ec2f3459c659c74e903d036f4b152a242349.pdf)

4.4. Magnetic polymer/carbon nanocomposites

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861712008041)
  2. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00396-014-3357-y)
  3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389411003657)
  4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389410013865)
  5. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/10245576.pdf)
  6. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20160243523.pdf)

5. Micro & Nano bubble technology

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653511006242)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001868617301719)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20190118142.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20080189847.pdf)
  5. Aeration
  6. Floatation
  7. Disinfection
  8. Advanced oxidation processes

6. Plasma technology

  1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438941200845X)
  2. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586618337432)
  3. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5635059.pdf)
  4. (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20140069853.pdf)

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